Colágeno e pele: da estrutura às evidências de sua suplementação oral / Collagen and skin: from the structure to scientific evidence of oral supplementation

Durante o processo de envelhecimento, as rotas intracelulares que regulam a homeostase do colágeno são influenciadas pelo expossoma, resultando na sua degradação e diminuição de síntese, levando à flacidez da pele. As evidências atuais disponíveis apontam que a suplementação oral de colágeno poderia promover redução de rugas na região dos olhos, cicatrização de feridas, melhora da elasticidade e hidratação da pele, melhora da celulite, de algumas dermatites e da fragilidade das unhas. Ainda são necessários mais estudos em larga escala e metodologicamente mais robustos para afirmar que o uso do colágeno oral para tratamento adjuvante de diferentes condições dermatológicas seja realmente eficaz.

In the aging process, the intracellular routes that regulate collagen homeostasis are influenced by the exposome, resulting in its degradation and decreased synthesis, leading to sagging skin. Current evidence indicates that oral collagen supplementation may promote wrinkles reduction in the eye area, wound healing, skin elasticity and hydration improvement, enhancement of cellulite, some dermatitis, and nails fragility. Large-scale and methodologically more robust studies are still needed to consider the use of oral collagen as an effective adjuvant treatment to different dermatological conditions

Angioqueratoma circunscrito: clínica, dermatoscopia e tratamento cirúrgico / Angiokeratoma circumscriptum: clinical features, dermoscopy and surgical approach

Angioqueratomas são malformações vasculares constituídas por telangiectasias de vasos preexistentes, não sendo considerados angiomas propriamente ditos. O tipo circunscrito é o mais raro dos angioqueratomas, com poucos casos descritos na literatura mundial. O mecanismo de desenvolvimento destas lesões ainda não foi completamente elucidado. Lesões pequenas podem ser tratadas por eletrocauterização, curetagem ou criocirurgia. Lesões maiores requerem excisão cirúrgica profunda e, dependendo do tamanho do defeito, fechamento direto, retalho ou enxerto. Outras opções incluem laser de CO2 ou de argônio. Neste relato de caso descrevemos um quadro clássico de angioqueratoma circunscrito, com aparecimento ao nascimento e crescimento progressivo até a idade adulta.

Angiokeratomas are vascular malformations constituted by telangiectasia of preexisting vessels. They are not classified as angiomas. It is the rarest variant of angiokeratomas, with few cases in the literature.The mechanism of development of these lesions has not yet been fully elucidated. Small lesions can be treated with electrosurgery, curettage, or cryosurgery. Larger lesions require deep surgical excision, and depending on the size and depht of the lesion, direct closure, flap, or grafting. CO2 or argon laser are considered other treatment options. In this case report we describe a classic case of circumscribed angiokeratoma, with onset at birth, and progressive growth.

Tratamento cirúrgico seriado de múltiplos granulomas por PMMA / Surgical approach to multiple foreign body granulomas (PMMA)

Substâncias para preenchimento têm sido muito utilizadas nos últimos anos em procedimentos estéticos e para correção de lipodistrofias em pacientes HIV-positivos. O granuloma de corpo estranho pode ser secundário à aplicação de produtos absorvíveis/temporários e mais frequentemente aos preenchedores inabsorvíveis/permanentes. Não é possível prever a formação desses granulomas que podem ocorrer independentemente da técnica utilizada. Neste artigo descreve-se o tratamento cirúrgico de uma paciente com múltiplos granulomas causados por preenchimento intradérmico prévio de PMMA na face, com resposta pobre a tratamentos conservadores, e com grave comprometimento psicossocial devido a essa complicação inestética e deformante.

Injectable fillers have long been used for cosmetic purposes and in HIV induced lipodystrophy patients. A foreign body granuloma may be a side effect of the application of absorbable products/temporary and most often the nonabsorbable/permanent fillers. It is not possible to predict the formation of these granulomas, and it may occur regardless of the application technique. In this article we describe the surgical treatment of a patient with multiple granulomas caused by intradermal injection of PMMA in the face, with poor response to conservative treatments, and severe psychosocial impairment due to this unsightly and disfiguring complication.

Trichoscopy of Noncicatricial Pressure-induced Alopecia Resembling Alopecia Areata.

Pressure-induced alopecia is an unusual cause of hair loss, and reports of its trichoscopic features are scarce. In this paper, we describe a case of pressure-induced alopecia in which trichoscopic and histopathological findings overlap with those described for alopecia areata.

Chronic paronychia treatment: Square flap technique.

BACKGROUND: Chronic paronychia is an inflammatory process of the periungual folds that lasts longer than 6 weeks. It manifests as hypertrophy of the proximal and lateral nailfolds, absence of cuticle, progressive retraction of the proximal nailfold, and onychodystrophy. Surgical treatment is recommended if there has been insufficient response to 6 months of appropriate medical therapies. OBJECTIVE: We describe a new surgical technique that removes the fibrotic tissue without complete excision of the proximal and lateral nailfold, minimizing nailfold retraction and recovery time. METHODS: We present a case series of 34 fingers (9 patients) treated with this new technique. RESULTS: All nailfolds healed well without complications. At the end of the follow-up, all fingers, apart from 2, were relieved of the preoperative symptoms. The length of the ungual plate was maintained in all patients, with no retraction of the nailfolds. LIMITATIONS: Follow-up period of 6 months and small sample size are limitations of this study. CONCLUSION: This surgical technique can provide an alternative treatment for chronic paronychia, with good prognosis during follow up-period and optimal cosmetic results.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis x Von Zumbusch's pustular psoriasis: a diagnostic challenge in a psoriatic patient.

Severe cutaneous drug reactions include a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild morbilliform cutaneous rash, to severe forms of hypersensitivity. Special attention is given in this report to the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), induced in 90% of cases by the use of systemic drugs, especially aminopenicillins and macrolides. The incidence of the disease is low, 1-5 cases per million patients / year. The main differential diagnosis is Von Zumbusch's Pustular Psoriasis. The prognosis is generally good and the disease self limited, after withdrawal of the triggering drug. In this report the authors describe a case of AGEP, triggered by ceftriaxone in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis x Von Zumbusch’s pustular psoriasis: A diagnostic challenge in a psoriatic patient

AbstractSevere cutaneous drug reactions include a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild morbilliform cutaneous rash, to severe forms of hypersensitivity. Special attention is given in this report to the acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), induced in 90% of cases by the use of systemic drugs, especially aminopenicillins and macrolides. The incidence of the disease is low, 1-5 cases per million patients / year. The main differential diagnosis is Von Zumbusch's Pustular Psoriasis. The prognosis is generally good and the disease self limited, after withdrawal of the triggering drug. In this report the authors describe a case of AGEP, triggered by ceftriaxone in a patient with psoriasis vulgaris.

Unusual manifestation of the yellow nail syndrome--case report.

The yellow nail syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the classic triad of yellow and dystrophic nails, lymphedema and pleural effusion. We report in this paper a case of yellow nail syndrome, presenting the classic triad of the disease, associated with an unusual lymph accumulation in the abdomen region.

Unusual manifestation of the yellow nail syndrome - Case report

The yellow nail syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by the classic triad of yellow and dystrophic nails, lymphedema and pleural effusion. We report in this paper a case of yellow nail syndrome, presenting the classic triad of the disease, associated with an unusual lymph accumulation in the abdomen region.

Abordagem dos pedículos glissonianos no manejodo trauma hepático / Glissonian approach to the management of liver trauma

OBJETIVO: Investigar uma abordagem diferente no manejo do trauma hepático, que consiga preservar o máximo possível o parênquima do órgão, expondo apenas a área lesada à isquemia e posterior reperfusão. METODOLOGIA: Pesquisa de artigos publicados nas bases de dados MedLine e pubMedno período de 1980 a 2010, sobre a abordagem dos pedículos glissonianos, e usando como palavrasde busca: fígado, cirurgia, trauma, veia porta e artéria hepática...

AIM: To investigate a different approach in liver trauma, that preserves as much liver parenchyma as possible, exposing only the injured area to ischemia and reperfusion. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: Medline and pubMed search from 1980 to 2010 about the glissonian approach , including, liver, surgery, trauma, portal vein and hepatic artery as key-words...

Spontaneous rupture of hepatic hemangiomas: A review of the literature.

Hepatic hemangiomas are congenital vascular malformations, considered the most common benign mesenchymal hepatic tumors, composed of masses of blood vessels that are atypical or irregular in arrangement and size. Hepatic hemangiomas can be divided into two major groups: capillary hemangiomas and cavernous hemangiomas These tumors most frequently affect females (80%) and adults in their fourth and fifth decades of life. Most cases are asymptomatic although a few patients may present with a wide variety of clinical symptoms, with spontaneous or traumatic rupture being the most severe complication. In cases of spontaneous rupture, clinical manifestations consist of sudden abdominal pain, and anemia secondary to a haemoperitoneum. Disseminated intravascular coagulopathy can also occur. Haemodynamic instability and signs of hypovolemic shock appear in about one third of cases. As the size of the hemangioma increases, so does the chance of rupture. Imaging studies used in the diagnosis of hepatic hemangiomas include ultrasonography, dynamic contrast-enchanced computed tomography scanning, magnetic resonance imaging, hepatic arteriography, digital subtraction angiography, and nuclear medicine studies. In most cases hepatic hemangiomas are asymptomatic and should be followed up by means of periodic radiological examination. Surgery should be restricted to specific situations. Absolute indications for surgery are spontaneous or traumatic rupture with hemoperitoneum, intratumoral bleeding and consumptive coagulopathy (Kassabach-Merrit syndrome). In a patient presenting with acute abdominal pain due to unknown abdominal disease, spontaneous rupture of a hepatic tumor such as a hemangioma should be considered as a rare differential diagnosis.

Sarcoma de Kaposi em membros inferiores: relato de caso / Kaposi sarcoma in the lower limbs: case report

O sarcoma de Kaposi é uma neoplasia angioproliferativa maligna que na maioria das vezes se restringe à pele e ao tecido subcutâneo; porém, pode aparecer de forma mais agressiva, atingindo a cavidade oral, o trato gastrointestinal e os pulmões (sarcoma de Kaposi visceral). É classificado com quatro variantes clínco-epidemiológicas: clássica, endêmica, iatrogênica e epidêmica, todas associadas ao herpes vírus humano tipo 8. O objetivo desta publicação foi relatar um caso raro de sarcoma de Kaposi em paciente idosa imunossuprimida, não relacionado à síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida, que evoluiu de forma desfavorável em um período de cinco meses a partir do aparecimento de lesões bolhosas hemáticas e necróticas que, posteriormente, progrediram com intensa exsudação local, desidratação, insuficiência renal e piora do estado geral, evoluindo então a óbito, tendo como causa mortis a falência de múltiplos órgãos.

The Kaposi sarcoma is an angio-proliferative malignant neoplasm that mostly affects the skin and subcutaneous tissue, although it can present in a more aggressive form, involving the oral cavity, lungs and gastrointestinal tract (visceral Kaposi sarcoma). It is classified into 4 clinical-epidemiological types: classic, endemic, iatrogenic and epidemic, all of them associated with the human herpesvirus 8. We report a rare case of Kaposi sarcoma in an elderly immunodepressed female patient, not related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, that evolved fatally in five months, since the appearance of hematic necrotic bullous lesions which progressed with intense local exudation, dehydration, renal insufficiency and worsening of the clinical status, ending in death, caused by multiple organ failure.

Prevenção do carcinoma hepatocelular / Prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma

INTRODUÇÃO: O carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC) é uma das principais doenças malignas da atualidade. Devido à alta incidência e prognóstico habitualmente sombrio torna-se relevante a necessidade de ações preventivas, levando em consideração a característica peculiar de sua etiologia: estrita relação de sua gênese a fatores ambientais. Os principais fatores de risco geograficamente melhor distribuídos são a associação de CHC com infecções por hepatite B crônica, hepatite C e cirrose hepática (associação em mais de 80% dos casos), independente de seu fator causal. Ele é o quinto tumor maligno mais frequente em todo o mundo (5º em homens e 8º em mulheres); representa 85% dos tumores hepáticos primários e é responsável por quase dois terços das mortes por câncer. MÉTODO: Revisão da literatura nacional e internacional dos últimos 12 anos (1997-2009), de 25 artigos pesquisados nas bases eletrônicas de dados MedLine, Scielo e LILACS. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar dos avanços científicos e da implementação de medidas para detecção precoce do CHC em pacientes pertencentes a grupos de risco, não houve melhora na taxa de sobrevida durante as três últimas décadas. O motivo que pode explicar esse fato é que a maioria dos pacientes começa a apresentar sintomas...

BACKGROUND: Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the major malignant diseases in the world today. Due to the high incidence and difficult prognosis, preventive measures became an important need taking into consideration that its etiology is strictly connected with environmental factors. The main risk factors are the association of hepatocellular carcinoma with chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections and cirrhosis, whatever its cause. Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most common global cancer, representing 85% of the hepatic primary tumors and it is responsible for nearly two thirds of deaths caused by cancer. METHOD: Review of the national and international literature in the last 12 years (1997-2009), of 25 articles researched through the electronic databases MedLine, Scielo and Lilacs. CONCLUSION: Despite of the medical advances and the implementation of precocious measures to detect the hepatocellular carcinoma in patients considered as within risk groups, there was no improvement on the afterlife over the last three decades. The cause that can explain this reality is the absence of symptoms during the early stages of the disease, and by the time the patient looks for medical help, the tumor has frequently reached an advanced stage and the therapeutical options are already too few.